/*
 * Scenario 3: Buffered I/O - The Fix
 * ===================================
 * This program reads a file in large chunks, dramatically reducing syscalls.
 *
 * Compile: gcc -O2 -o read_fast read_fast.c
 *
 * EXERCISES:
 * 1. Run: time ./read_fast testfile
 * 2. Compare: strace -c ./read_fast testfile
 * 3. Notice the ~1000x reduction in syscalls
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFER_SIZE 65536  /* 64KB buffer */

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    if (argc != 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <filename>\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }

    int fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
    if (fd < 0) {
        perror("open");
        return 1;
    }

    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
    unsigned long byte_count = 0;
    unsigned long checksum = 0;
    ssize_t bytes_read;

    /* Read in large chunks - much better! */
    while ((bytes_read = read(fd, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE)) > 0) {
        for (ssize_t i = 0; i < bytes_read; i++) {
            checksum += (unsigned char)buffer[i];
        }
        byte_count += bytes_read;
    }

    close(fd);

    printf("Read %lu bytes\n", byte_count);
    printf("Checksum: %lu\n", checksum);

    return 0;
}